Summary

• Tariff Trade Barriers

  • Old-style preferences

• Non-Tariff Trade Barriers

  • Customs in lieu of rationality

• Systemic Trade Barriers

  • ìDeepî Challenges to a Democratic Consumer Society

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various impediments

3 forms trade restrictions:

ttb--economic, in which entities impose barriers on others to protect their citizenries against the rational progression of market forces

nttb--in which local disturbances--legislation, customs, etc.--perform the role otherwise performed by government entities in imposing limits to the proper functioning of economic forces

finally we havfe the most advanced, if unrecognized, barriers to free trade--they are deep, at the level of systems and structures, at the core of the democracies in most advanced countries today

In all cases, we must remember, there *are* solutions.